Newsletter Archive
Recent macro monday newsletter editions, organized by date.
Reviewing Bitcoin's Popular Stock-to-Flow Model
We set out to answer a simple question: does stock-to-flow tell us something real about Bitcoin, or does it only look powerful because it wraps a good story in precise numbers? What we found is that the scarcity story is compelling and may capture a real long-run relationship, but the model's famous price targets broke down once they met the real market. The practical takeaway is narrow but useful: give stock-to-flow modest weight as a way to think about shrinking new supply, and zero weight as a price target or a reason to size a position.
A Framework for Understanding the Oil Market
We set out to build a practical framework for reading oil, and the research kept pointing back to a simple structure: a US-led supply base, an Asia-led demand base, four distinct regional markets, and a small set of price levers led by OPEC spare capacity, inventories, the dollar, and the crude-to-products margin channel. The strongest evidence is that supply has re-centred from OPEC to the United States, with OPEC's share of world production falling from 35.2% in 2000 to 27.5% in 2024 while US total liquids output more than doubled from 9.1 to 22.8 mb/d, even as demand has re-centred toward China and India. For readers, the point is that oil is easiest to misread when we start with the headline scare; the more reliable sequence is to start with the market's structure and levers, then ask whether a geopolitical event is actually converting into a measurable supply shock.
The Four Eras of Liquidity
This week we examined whether the four-era framework used to describe modern monetary history - the gold-standard period before 1971, the post-Nixon fiat era from 1971 to 2008, the post-financial-crisis QE era from 2008 to 2020, and the post-COVID era from 2020 to today - actually shows up in market data.
Strategy's Q1 Credit Scale-Up
Strategy's Q1 2026 cycle was less about the earnings print than about market access: $11.7B raised year to date, STRC scaled to $8.5B in nine months, and management now claims 60% of the US preferred new-issue market. The clearest evidence is the preferred side itself, with $5.6B raised YTD entirely through STRC and cumulative preferred notional at $12.13B. For readers tracking Bitcoin-linked capital formation, the point is simple: Strategy is now large enough to matter inside the preferred market, not just around its own balance sheet.
Strategy Is Building a Bitcoin Credit Market
What we found in Strategy's Q1 2026 cycle is that the headline figures matter less than the structure they sit inside. Three findings stand out: STRC alone reached $8.5 billion in nine months, management says Strategy now represents 60% of the US preferred new-issue market, and STRC is already the #2 holding in BlackRock's PFF. For readers, the key implication is that Strategy now matters less as a quirky Bitcoin proxy and more as a live test of whether Bitcoin can be continuously securitized into credit and equity products that traditional markets will absorb.
The Shape of the US Economy
A look through the latest GDP release shows a country powered by consumption, built around services, and still being reshaped by post-2000 and post-COVID shifts.
A First Look at Bitcoin-Linked Credit
Something new is developing in financial markets.
For most of its history, Bitcoin has been understood in relatively simple terms. It is something you buy, hold, and, if needed, sell. It does not produce income. It does not generate cash flow. Its role has mostly been defined by what it is: a scarce digital asset.
But that framing is starting to expand.
Liquidity Tailwinds, Emerging Constraints
Liquidity has been the dominant driver of markets in recent weeks.
At the same time, key funding conditions are beginning to shift — introducing constraints that have not yet shown clear effects in market behavior.
From Stabilization to Early Confirmation
Something is starting to take shape.
For the second week in a row, markets moved higher—while volatility declined across both equities and bonds.
At the same time:
The Treasury General Account (TGA) has drawn down for two consecutive weeks
Funding conditions remain stable
Global signals show early signs of stabilizing
The system is not just stabilizing—it is beginning to respond to improving liquidity conditions.
But this is still early.
And not everything has reset.
Stabilization Without Resolution
Something stands out.
For the first time in nine weeks, major asset classes moved higher together—while volatility declined across both equities and bonds.
At the same time:
• The yield curve shifted higher across all maturities
• Credit conditions remain largely unchanged
• The China credit impulse continues to weaken
When Liquidity and Markets Begin to Move Together
There are moments where individual data points matter less than how they begin to interact.
Over the past several weeks, markets have already been adjusting.
Equities have continued to drift lower, participation has narrowed, and credit spreads have begun to widen. None of these moves are extreme—but the direction has been consistent.
At the same time, another development has quietly re-emerged.
After appearing to stabilize—and even ease—the U.S. Treasury’s cash balance has now begun to rise again.
From Signals to Confirmation
Risk in markets is often described in terms of asset prices — equities, bonds, commodities.
But in practice, risk is not defined by assets alone. It is defined by how those assets relate to liabilities.
For any investor — whether an individual, a corporation, or a financial institution — the true question is not simply “what is this asset worth,” but:
“Will this asset reliably meet the obligations I have coming due?”
In periods of uncertainty, that question becomes more important.
And the answer often leads to a shift in behavior.
Instead of simply rotating into traditionally “defensive” assets, markets can begin to favor liquidity itself — assets that can directly meet liabilities without conversion risk.
Over the past several weeks we have been observing a set of signals forming across markets.
This week, those signals are no longer isolated — they are beginning to confirm.
The System Is Beginning to Show Its Hand
Volatility is settling in, credit conditions are tightening, and liquidity signals are quietly shifting beneath the surface.
Each week we monitor a set of macro indicators across several layers of the financial system. These indicators help us track where stress, liquidity, and capital flows are developing beneath the surface of markets.
Rather than focusing on any single market move, our objective is to observe how the system as a whole is evolving.
Over the past several weeks a number of signals have been forming. This week those signals became clearer.
War, Volatility, and the Repricing of Risk
Geopolitical tensions escalated this week following attacks affecting energy infrastructure in the Persian Gulf, injecting a new layer of uncertainty into global markets. Because of its central role in global energy supply, even the possibility of disruption can ripple quickly through financial markets.
That ripple was visible almost immediately.
Volatility surged across both equity and bond markets, emerging market assets weakened, and energy prices began adjusting to the possibility of tighter global supply. These movements may appear disconnected at first glance but they reflect a pattern that often appears when markets are forced to reassess risk.
From the Edges to the Core: How Deleveraging Moves from Risk Assets into Credit
Financial stress usually does not start at the core of the system. It begins where risk taking is highest, in the most speculative and leveraged trades. Over the past month, high volatility risk assets have compressed, rate volatility has risen, and credit spreads have begun to widen modestly. Those are early signs of pressure building at the edges.
When speculative positions unwind, price swings increase and volatility rises. If that pressure continues, it can spread into credit markets. That is when borrowing becomes more expensive and lenders grow more cautious. Companies that rely on refinancing debt may face higher interest costs or reduced access to capital. To adjust, they may cut spending, delay expansion, or slow hiring. As financing tightens, growth loses momentum.
What begins as stress in the outer layers of the market can gradually move inward. If it reaches the center, it shifts from a market disturbance to a broader economic slowdown.
Tariff Whiplash and the Market’s Rising Uncertainty Premium
Markets are being asked to price rapidly shifting policy decisions. Volatility is increasing and the premium to hold risk is rising.
Over the past several days, trade policy has moved quickly and dramatically. A Supreme Court ruling declared prior tariffs unconstitutional. Within days, the executive branch announced a 10% global tariff under Section 122 authority — and shortly thereafter raised that figure to 15%. At the same time, discussion has emerged that previously collected tariff revenues might need to be refunded.
Regardless of one’s political view, this sequence matters for markets.
When the legal status, size, and permanence of tariffs can change within days, businesses face planning uncertainty. Investors must then price not just economic impact, but policy unpredictability.
This week’s market behavior reflects that shift.
Policy Posture Meets Structural Constraint
This week we review how markets are navigating a growing tension between policy tone and economic reality.
A recent conservative tone from the future Federal Reserve chairman, Kevin Warsh, suggests policymakers may be slower to ease, even as economic softness becomes more visible. At the same time, global funding dynamics are tightening the room for maneuver.
The result is not a clear tightening cycle, nor a clean easing regime. It is something more complex: a constrained system where each adjustment carries external consequences.
Gold, more than any single policy speech or data release, appears to be revealing how this tension is resolving.
Risk Appetite Is Compressing. Volatility Likely Rises
Over the past two weeks, we’ve focused on how deleveraging is unfolding through asset revaluation rather than purely outright liquidation. Real assets have been under pressure to reprice higher in fiat terms, and currency easing acts as the mechanism allowing that adjustment to proceed without destabilizing balance sheets.
This week’s edition adds an important layer to that framework: risk appetite itself appears to be tightening.
USD Easing as the Mechanism of Deleveraging
Across global markets, risk is increasingly being reassigned away from fiat currencies and toward real assets. This shift is not ideological or cyclical in nature, it is a structural response to over-levered balance sheets across both the public and private sectors.
As capital migrates toward real assets, relative prices adjust. Assets reprice higher in fiat terms, while liabilities remain fixed. In effect, balance sheets are repaired through revaluation rather than default. This is how deleveraging is unfolding in the current cycle. However, this process cannot proceed indefinitely without accommodation.
Broad Price Discovery In A Deleveraging World
What we are observing across markets is not a collection of isolated moves, but a broad repricing of assets against fiat currencies. This process reflects long-term debt-cycle deleveraging, where balance sheets are gradually repaired and capital is forced to re-evaluate relative value rather than nominal price levels.
In such environments, price discovery does not unfold smoothly. Long stretches of apparent calm are often interrupted by sharp, nonlinear adjustments as leverage is reduced, funding conditions shift, or relative valuations snap back into alignment. These moves can be sudden and dramatic, even though they are part of a much longer structural process.